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The Apennines or Apennine Mountains (; ;〔Strabo, ''Geography'', (book 5 )〕 (ラテン語:Appenninus) or ''ラテン語:Apenninus Mons''—a singular used in the plural;〔''Apenninus'' has the form of an adjective, which would be segmented ''Apenn-inus'', often used with nouns such as ''mons'' (mountain) or Greek ὄρος ''oros'', but just as often used alone as a noun. The ancient Greeks and Romans typically but not always used "mountain" in the singular to mean one or a range; thus, "the Apennine mountain" refers to the entire chain and is translated "the Apennine mountains". The ending can vary also by gender depending on the noun modified. The Italian singular refers to one of the constituent chains rather than to a single mountain and the Italian plural refers to multiple chains rather than to multiple mountains.〕 (イタリア語:Appennini) (:appenˈniːni))〔 are a mountain range consisting of parallel smaller chains extending along the length of peninsular Italy. In the northwest they join with the Ligurian Alps at Altare. In the southwest they end at Reggio di Calabria, the coastal city at the tip of the peninsula. Since about 2000 the Ministry of the Environment of Italy, following the recommendations of the Apennines Park of Europe Project, has been defining the Apennines System to include the mountains of north Sicily, for a total distance of .〔 The system forms an arc enclosing the east side of the Ligurian and Tyrrhenian Seas. The etymology most frequently repeated, because of its semantic appropriateness, is that it derives from the Celtic ''Penn'', "mountain, summit":〔 which could have been assigned during the Celtic domination of north Italy in the 4th century BC or before. The name originally applied to the north Apennines. However, historical linguists have never found a derivation with which they are universally comfortable. Wilhelm Deecke said:〔A large number of place names reflect ''pen'': Penarrig, Penbrynn, Pencoid, Penmon, Pentir, etc. and ben: Beanach, Benmore, Benabuird, Benan, Bencruachan, etc. (). In one derivation ''Pen/Ben'' is cognate with Old Irish ''cenn'', "head", but an original *''kwen''- would be required, which is typologically not found in languages that feature labio-velars. Windisch and Brugmann reconstructed Indo-European *kwi-, deriving also the Greek Pindus Mountains, but *kwen-< *kwi- is not explained by any rule (). Accordingly has it cognate with English "pin" and goes so far as to suggest ''pin'' and ''pen'' come from Latin ''pinna'', "feather", in the sense of the horn of the quill. This view has the word originating in Latium inconsistently with the theory of the northern origin. None of these derivations are unquestionably accepted.〕 is doubtful but some derive it from the Ligurian-Celtish ''Pen'' or ''Ben'', which means mountain peak." The mountains lend their name to the Apennine peninsula, which forms the major part of Italy. They are mostly verdant, although one side of the highest peak, Corno Grande is partially covered by Calderone glacier, the only glacier in the Apennines. It has been receding since 1794. The southern mountains are semi-arid. The eastern slopes down to the Adriatic Sea are steep, while the western slopes form foothills on which most of peninsular Italy's cities are located. The mountains tend to be named from the province or provinces in which they are located; for example, the Ligurian Apennines are in Liguria. As the provincial borders have not always been stable, this practice has resulted in some confusion about exactly where the montane borders are. Often but not always a geographical feature can be found that lends itself to being a border. ==Geography== The Apennines are divided into three sectors: northern (Italian: '), central (') and A number of long hiking trails wind through the Apennines. Of note is European walking route E1 coming from northern Europe and traversing the lengths of the northern and central Apennines. The Grand Italian Trail begins in Trieste and after winding through the Alpine arc traverses the entire Apennine system, Sicily and Sardinia. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Apennine Mountains」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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